蒸汽机是现代火车最初的雏形,蒸汽机是20世纪最伟大的发明,甚至还创造了蒸汽时代,工业革命产生的一部分原因是因为瓦特对蒸汽机的改良,而瓦特并没有发明蒸汽机,他只是对蒸汽机进行了改良。那么蒸汽机是谁发明的呢?蒸汽机的原理又是什么?
瓦特自筹资金,租了一间地下室,买了必要的设备,反复实验,经历了无数次挫折和失败,在工人的帮助下,终于发明了与汽缸分离的冷凝器,解决了制造精密汽缸、活塞的工艺问题,同时采用油润滑活塞,汽缸外附加绝热层等措施,制成单动作蒸汽机。
图1 L. Kadanoff:“Iceberg floating in the sea. This picture is intended to illustrate different phases of water. The sea is liquid water, which is then in contact with solid water in the form of ice. In the air above, breezes blow clouds through the air, which contains water vapor in contact with both the solid and the liquid forms of water. The change from one form to the next is termed a phase transition.