The end-Cretaceous event was catastrophic for terrestrial communities worldwide， yet its long-lasting effect on tropical forests remains largely unknown. We quantified plant extinction and ecological change in tropical forests resulting from the end-Cretaceous event using fossil pollen and leaves from localities in Colombia. Late Cretaceous rainforests were characterized by an open canopy and diverse plant–insect interactions. Plant diversity declined by 45% at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary and did not recover for ~6 million years. Paleocene forests resembled modern Neotropical rainforests， with a closed canopy and multistratal structure dominated by angiosperms. The end-Cretaceous event triggered a long interval of low plant diversity in the Neotropics and the evolutionary assembly of today’s most diverse terrestrial ecosystem.
Abstract:On 15 January 2022， the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted， producing tsunamis worldwide including first waves which arrived more than 2 hours earlier than what is expected for conventional tsunamis. We investigated the generation and propagation mechanisms of the tsunami “forerunner，” and our simulation found that fast-moving atmospheric Lamb waves drove the leading sea height rise whereas the scattering of the leading waves related to bathymetric variations in the Pacific Ocean produced subsequent long-lasting tsunamis. Tsunamis arriving later than the conventionally expected travel time are composed of various waves generated from both moving and static sources， which makes the tsunami， due to this eruption， much more complex and longer-lasting than ordinary earthquake-induced tsunamis.
在百万年的时间尺度上，栖息地的隔离和重新连接作为异域物种形成的泵，创造了我们所观察到的生物多样性。Abstract:Madagascar exhibits high endemic biodiversity that has evolved with sustained and stable rates of speciation over the past several tens of millions of years. The topography of Madagascar is dominated by a mountainous continental rift escarpment， with the highest plant diversity and rarity found along the steep， eastern side of this geographic feature. Using a process-explicit model， we show that precipitation-driven erosion and landward retreat of this high-relief topography creates transient habitat organization through multiple mechanisms， including catchment expansion， isolation of highland remnants， and formation of topographic barriers. Habitat isolation and reconnection on a million-year timescale serves as an allopatric speciation pump creating the observed biodiversity.
在过去30年左右的时间里，《牛津英语词典》的编辑们研究并记录了许多与气候变化相关的知名术语，例如“全球变暖”、“微塑料”、“排放”、“碳”及其相关化合物。今年早些时候，《牛津英语词典》开始了一个项目，以扩大、审查与气候变化和可持续发展有关的词汇覆盖面。
在碳循环各环节中，碳的具体迁移形式及相关定量估计是地球科学交叉领域的研究前沿和热点。相关研究发现，地质历史时期全球大陆裂谷带发育峰期与大气CO2高浓度期存在对应关系，说明大陆裂谷去气可能对地球长期气候变化有重要贡献。
Abstract:Water resources sustainability in High Mountain Asia surrounding the Tibetan Plateau —known as Asia’s water tower—has triggered widespread concerns because HMA protects millions of people against water stress. However， the mechanisms behind the heterogeneous trends observed in terrestrial water storage over the TP remain poorly understood. Here we use a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and satellite observations to attribute about 1?
